《孙子的智慧（英文版）》

书海网短评：
该系列图书精选自中国古代经典小说名著，为方便外国读者理解，专门请有关专家对原著进行缩写改编，内容涵盖原著中有代表性的情节和故事，通过这些可读性强的故事传达出其中蕴含的中国传统文化精髓，吸引国外读者的阅读和探究兴趣，出版后特别

内容简介

该系列图书精选自中国古代经典小说名著，为方便外国读者理解，专门请有关专家对原著进行缩写改编，内容涵盖原著中有代表性的情节和故事，通过这些可读性强的故事传达出其中蕴含的中国传统文化精髓，吸引国外读者的阅读和探究兴趣，出版后特别受到国外读者喜爱。

《孙子兵法》是中国古典军事文化遗产中的璀璨瑰宝，是中国优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。其内容博大精深，思想精邃富赡，逻辑缜密严谨。大约成书于春秋末年。该书自问世以来，对中国古代军事学术,和中国当代的社会经济的发展产生了巨大而深远的影响，被人们尊奉为“兵经”、“百世谈兵之祖”。

SunTzu'sTheArtofWarisaChinesemilitarytreatisethatwaswrittenbySunTzuinthe6thcenturyBC,duringtheSpringandAutumnperiod.Composedof13chapters,eachofwhichisdevotedtooneaspectofwarfare,itissaidtobethedefinitiveworkonmilitarystrategiesandtacticsofitstime,andstilloneofthebasictexts.TheArtofWarisoneoftheoldestandmostsuccessfulbooksonmilitarystrategy.IthashadaninfluenceonEasternmilitarythinking,businesstactics,andbeyond.SunTzusuggestedtheimportanceofpositioninginstrategyandthatpositionisaffectedbothbyobjectiveconditionsinthephysicalenvironmentandthesubjectiveopinionsofcompetitiveactorsinthatenvironment.Hethoughtthatstrategywasnotplanninginthesenseofworkingthroughanestablishedlist,butratherthatitrequiresquickandappropriateresponsestochangingconditions.Planningworksinacontrolledenvironment,butinachangingenvironment,competingplanscollide,creatingunexpectedsituations.ThebookwastranslatedintotheFrenchlanguagein1772byFrenchJesuitJeanJosephMarieAmiot,andintoEnglishbyBritishofficerEverardFergusonCalthropin1905.ItlikelyinfluencedNapoleon,andleadersasdiverseasMaoZedong,GeneralVoNguyenGiap,BaronAntoine-HenriJomini,andGeneralDouglasMacArthurhaveclaimedtohavedrawninspirationfromthework.TheArtofWarhasalsobeenappliedtobusinessandmanagerialstrategies.

精彩书评

"Inciviliandiscussionsofmilitaryaffairs,theyinevitablyrefertothethirteenchaptersofSunTzusArtofWar."
——SimaQian(145BC~86BC),thegreatChinesehistorian,authorofTheRecordsoftheGrandHistorian
SunTzuisa"greatmilitaryexpert:
——MaoZedong(1893~1976),thefounderofthePeoplesRepublicofChina
"SunTzusessayson”TheArtofWarformtheearliestofknowntreatisesonthesubject,buthaveneverbeensurpassedincorncomprehensivenessanddepthofunderstanding.Theymightbetermedtheconcentratedessenceofwisdomontheconductofwar.Amongallthemilitarythinkersofthepast,onlyClausewitziscomparable,andevenheismoredatedthanSunTzu,andinpartantiquated,althoughhewaswritingmorethantwothousandyearslater.SunTzuhasclearervision,moreprofoundinsight,andeternalfreshness."
——LiddellHart(1895~1970),theEnglishmilitarystrategist
"SunTzus"TheArtofWarislessthan100pages,butmuchdeeperinsubstanceandmucheasiertounderstandandapply.SunTzustressestheimportanceofout-thinkingtheenemy,whileClausewitzfocusesondestroyingtheenemysarmyandoccupyinghislands.SunTzufocusesontheend,whileClausewitzstressesonlyonemeanstothatend.Destructionandoccupationaresimplymethodstoachievevictorythroughforce,accordingtoClausewitz.Whilenotdiscouragingtheuseofforce,SunTzuopenlyexamineesothermethodsforachievingvictorywhichrequiremoreflexibility,creativityandforesightthanbruteforcealone.SunTzuswritingsareaspertinenttodayastheywerewhenwrittenin500B.C."
——WalterS.ZapotocznyJr.,thecommandhistorianoftheU.S.Armys28thInfantryDivision
"SunTzusTheArtofWaris,ofcourse,aclassic.AtleastsixEnglishtranslationscanbefoundinmostlargebookstoresonbookshelvesnexttoanothermuchcitedbutlittlereadmilitaryfavorite,CarlvonClausewitzsOnWar.TranslatorRogerAmesdescribesTheArtofWarastheworldsforemostclassiconmilitarystrategy.…Inthecomingdecades,withtheUnitedStatesremainingtheworldsdominantmilitaryforce,employingSunTzusstrategiclessonswillbemoreimportantthanever.TheUnitedStatesmightnotincorporateallofSunTzuslessonsintoitsoffensivestrategy,butitwillfaceopponentswhousetheselessons,orsimilarlessons,againsttheUnitedStates.OpponentsrecognizethatdirectconfrontationwiththeUnitedStatescanonlyresultintheirdefeat."
——ColonelDouglasM.McCready,authorofLearningfromSunTzu

精彩书摘

ChapterIII

AttackbyStratagem

ONCOMPLETEVICTORY

Basedonaclearunderstandingofthehighpriceandharmfulnatureofwar,SunTzufurtherputforwardatalentedstrategicconceptinthethirdchapterof“AttackbyStratagem”.

Thecoreofthisstrategicconceptistheideaof“completevictory”.This“completevictory”meanstotriumphovertheenemywithoutsufferinggreatlossestooneself,usingSunTzu’swords:“theirtroopsarenotwornoutandtheirtriumphwillbecomplete.”

Howcanthiscompletevictorybeobtained?SunTzusaidthatfirst,theremustbean“attackbystratagem”,i.e.,acompetitionofstrategies—tousestrategytodefeattheenemyordefeattheenemy’sstrategy,tocausetheenemytogiveinduetogreatdifficulty.Secondis“attackbydiplomacy”,i.e.,adiplomaticcompetition—todestroyanddismantletheenemy’salliances,tosolidifyanddevelopourownalliances,ultimatelycausingtheenemytogivein.Thatis:“Thebestpolicyinwaristoattacktheenemy’sstrategy.Thesecondbestwayistodisrupthisalliancesthroughdiplomaticmeans.”SunTzusummarizedthesetwostrategiesas“subduingtheenemy’sarmywithoutfighting”,thatistosay,achievingtheobjectiveswithoutfighting,thusavoidingseriousdamageandlossesincurredbyintensefightingandprolongedwar.

Here,SunTzuputforthanextraordinaryassertion:“Hencetowinonehundredvictoriesinonehundredbattlesisnottheacmeofskill.Tosubduetheenemywithoutfightingisthesupremeexcellence.”

WhydidSunTzusaythis?Becauseinhisview,evenifallbattlesarewon,inacontinuouswar,nationalandmilitarystrengthwillbesignificantlydepleted,inturnplacingthecountryindirestraits.Subduingtheenemywithoutfightingandreachingthegoalwithoutcompromisingnationalandmilitarystrength,willreducethecostanddamageofwarfareasmuchasispossibleandbestprotectoneself.Itisthe“completevictory”SunTzuspokeof.

Let’stakethemilitarycareerofNapoleontocomparewithSunTzu’sideas.Earlyinhismilitarycareer,Napoleonwasconsideredtobeasuccessfulmilitaryofficer,butvictoryaftervictory,thearmyoftheFrenchempiregraduallybecameutterlyexhausted.Finally,theysufferedabitterdefeatinaharshRussianwinter,obliteratingtheirarmyandsealingthefateofNapoleon’sreign.Over2,000yearsago,SunTzuwithhisfarsightednessenvisionedjustthatkindofsituation.Inviewoftheabsurditythatwinningonehundredvictoriesinonehundredbattlesdoesnotendwell,hecreativelyproposedthestrategicconceptsof“completevictory”and“subduingtheenemywithoutfighting.”

SunTzusaid:“Tosubduetheenemywithoutfightingisthesupremeexcellence.”Hesawthisasthemostperfect,mostidealformofwarstrategy.However,afterheputforththetalentedpropositionsof“completevictory”,“attackbystratagem”,“attackbydiplomacy”,and“subduingtheenemywithoutfighting”,SunTzudidnotexplaininconcretetermsthespecificapproachesto“attackbystratagem”or“attackbydiplomacy”,nordidhementionnecessarypreconditionsto“subduingtoenemywithoutfighting”,leavinggreatpotentialforimaginationforlaterpeople.

前言/序言

Foreword

Aftertheadventofthe6thcenturyB.C.,aneweraofspiritualcreativitywaswelcomed,bringingwithitanexplosionofnewthoughts.InGreece,therewereThalesandPythagoras,whoinitiatedthedevelopmentofphilosophyandscience.SakyamuniaroseinIndiaandcreatedBuddhism.InChina,LaoTzu,ConfuciusandSunTzurevealedtheprologuetoaneraoffreethoughtandinnovationbeginninginthelateSpringandAutumnPeriod.

SunTzu’sArtofWarisoneoftheachievementsthatsprungforthfromthisexplosionofthoughts.

Comparedtothetheoreticalcreationsofothergreatthinkersofthatage(intheEastaswellastheWest)inphilosophy,politics,science,religionandotherfields,SunTzu’stheoreticalcreationsinthemilitaryarenawereuniquebutequallygreat.Together,theirphilosophicalachievementshadahugeandprofoundinfluenceonthespiritualworldandrealisticworldshapedbyhumanbeingsthemselves.

SincethebirthofSunTzu’sArtofWarinthelate6thcenturyB.C.,itbecamewidelyinfluentialinChina.Atthebeginningofthe1stcenturyB.C.,thegreatChinesehistorianSimaQianwasquotedassaying:“Inciviliandiscussionsofmilitaryaffairs,theyinevitablyrefertothethirteenchaptersofSunTzu’sArtofWar.”Clearly,thisbookwasalreadyverypopularandrespectedatthattimeinChina.Bythe11thcenturyA.D.,amilitaryschoolcalledWuxuehadbeenestablishedbytheSongDynasty.Theimperialgovernmentselectedsevenbooksfromthemilitaryworksofpastdynastiestomakeupthecurriculum.Underunifiedmanagement,theywerecheckedagainstauthoritativetexts,printedandpublishedin1080,andcalledthewujingqishu(sevenbooksofthemilitarycanon).Amongthem,SunTzu’sArtofWarheldtheprimaryposition,solidifyingitshighstandinginChinesemilitaryscience.

Forthousandsofyears,thegreatvolumesofideas,categorizations,thesesandjudgmentscomingoutofSunTzu’sArtofWarhavebeentheobjectofdebateintraditionalChinesemilitaryscience.Eachsuccessivedynastyandeachsuccessivegeneration’smilitaryexpertsandmilitarywritingshavecontinuedtosupplementanddevelopSunTzu’sArtofWartheoretically,butfundamentallynonehassurpassedit.ItcouldbesaidthatSunTzu’sArtofWarchartedthedevelopmentcourseforancientChina’stheoryofwar,establishingthefoundationalspiritofChina’straditionalmilitaryphilosophy.

InChina’srecenthistory,SunTzu’sArtofWarhascontinuedtoplayanactiveroleasanimportantsourceofideasintheprocessofbuildinganewmodelofmilitarytheory.Forexample,inmanyofMaoZedong’smilitarywritings,heusedSunTzu’swordstoillustratehispoints;MaoalsoreferredtomanyfamoushistoricalbattlesinChinatobackuphisownopinion.TheinfluenceofChina’smilitaryheritagerepresentedbySunTzu’sArtofWarhadprovidedMaoZedong’smilitarythinkingwithaprofoundhistoricalcontext.ItwasalsoanimportantfactorintheuniquelyChinesecharacterofMaoZedong’smilitarythinking.