内容简介

“利维坦”原为《旧约圣经》中记载的一种怪兽，在《利维坦：论人类和国家（全英文原版）》中用来比喻强势的国家。《利维坦：论人类和国家（全英文原版）》系统地阐述了国家学说，探讨了社会的结构，其中的人性论、社会契约论以及国家的本质和作用等思想在西方产生了深远的影响，是西方zui著名和有影响力的政治哲学著作之一。

古人有云：朝闻道，夕死可矣。人是社会动物，都有窥探社会组织架构、了解社会组织形态的好奇心和冲动。而现代社会更多脱胎于始于欧洲的资产阶级革命，要想做这方面的探究，和伟人直接对话是一条捷径。这就是这套原版的社科经典丛书的编辑初衷。不管你是学哲学的学生，还是从事社会科学研究的学者，不读几部经典原著，不在书架上摆上一套经典原著，应该是人生的一大憾事。

作者简介

霍布斯（ThomasHobbes，1588—1679），英国政治家、哲学家。他创立了机械唯物主义的完整体系，指出宇宙是所有机械地运动着的广延物体的总和。他提出“自然状态”和国家起源说，指出国家是人们为了遵守“自然法”而订立契约所形成的，是一部人造的机器人，反对君权神授，主张君主专制。他把罗马教皇比作魔王，僧侣比作群鬼，但主张利用“国教”来管束人民，维护“秩序”，提出“自然状态”和国家起源说，指出国家是人们为了遵守“自然法”而订立契约所形成的的，事一部人造的机器人，反对君权神授，主张君主专制。

目录

TheIntroduction001

PART1OFMAN004

PART2OFCOMMONWEALTH149

AREVIEW,ANDCONCLUSION329

精彩书摘

Leviathan:ofmanandcommon-wealth

ByThomasHobbes，1651

THEINTRODUCTION

Nature(theartwherebyGodhathmadeandgovernestheworld)isbytheartofman,asinmanyotherthings,sointhisalsoimitated,thatitcanmakeanArtificialAnimal.ForseeinglifeisbutamotionofLimbs,thebeginingwhereofisinsomeprincipallpartwithin;whymaywenotsay,thatallAutomata(Enginesthatmovethemselvesbyspringsandwheelesasdothawatch)haveanartificialllife?ForwhatistheHeart,butaSpring;andtheNerves,butsomanyStrings;andtheJoynts,butsomanyWheeles,givingmotiontothewholeBody,suchaswasintendedbytheArtificer?Artgoesyetfurther,imitatingthatRationallandmostexcellentworkeofNature,Man.ForbyArtiscreatedthatgreatLEVIATHANcalledaCOMMON-WEALTH,orSTATE,(inlatineCIVITAS)whichisbutanArtificiallMan;thoughofgreaterstatureandstrengththantheNaturall,forwhoseprotectionanddefenceitwasintended;andinwhich,theSoveraigntyisanArtificiallSoul,asgivinglifeandmotiontothewholebody;TheMagistrates,andotherOfficersofJudicatureandExecution,artificiallJoynts;RewardandPunishment(bywhichfastnedtotheseatoftheSoveraignty,everyjoyntandmemberismovedtoperformehisduty)aretheNerves,thatdothesameintheBodyNaturall;TheWealthandRichesofalltheparticularmembers,aretheStrength;SalusPopuli(thePeoplesSafety)itsBusinesse;Counsellors,bywhomallthingsneedfullforittoknow,aresuggesteduntoit,aretheMemory;EquityandLawes,anartificiallReasonandWill;Concord,Health;Sedition,Sicknesse;andCivillWar,Death.Lastly,thePactsandCovenants,bywhichthepartsofthisBodyPolitiquewereatfirstmade,settogether,andunited,resemblethatFiat,ortheLetUsMakeMan,pronouncedbyGodintheCreation.

TodescribetheNatureofthisArtificiallman,Iwillconsider

FirsttheMatterthereof,andtheArtificer;bothwhichisMan.

Secondly,How,andbywhatCovenantsitismade;whataretheRightsandjustPowerorAuthorityofaSoveraigne;andwhatitisthatPreservethandDissolvethit.

Thirdly,whatisaChristianCommon-Wealth.

Lastly,whatistheKingdomeofDarkness.

Concerningthefirst,thereisasayingmuchusurpedoflate,ThatWisedomeisacquired,notbyreadingofBooks,butofMen.Consequentlywhereunto,thosepersons,thatforthemostpartcangivenootherproofofbeingwise,takegreatdelighttoshewwhattheythinktheyhavereadinmen,byuncharitablecensuresofoneanotherbehindtheirbacks.Butthereisanothersayingnotoflateunderstood,bywhichtheymightlearntrulytoreadoneanother,iftheywouldtakethepains;andthatis,NosceTeipsum,ReadThySelf:whichwasnotmeant,asitisnowused,tocountenance,eitherthebarbarousstateofmeninpower,towardstheirinferiors;ortoencouragemenoflowdegree,toasawciebehaviourtowardstheirbetters;Buttoteachus,thatforthesimilitudeofthethoughts,andPassionsofoneman,tothethoughts,andPassionsofanother,whosoeverlookethintohimselfe,andconsiderethwhathedoth,whenhedoesThink,Opine,Reason,Hope,Feare,&c,anduponwhatgrounds;heshalltherebyreadandknow,whatarethethoughts,andPassionsofallothermen,uponthelikeoccasions.IsaythesimilitudeofPassions,whicharethesameinallmen,Desire,Feare,Hope,&c;notthesimilitudeorTheObjectsofthePassions,whicharethethingsDesired,Feared,Hoped,&c:forthesetheconstitutionindividuall,andparticulareducationdosovary,andtheyaresoeasietobekeptfromourknowledge,thatthecharactersofmansheart,blottedandconfoundedastheyare,withdissembling,lying,counterfeiting,anderroneousdoctrines,arelegibleonelytohimthatsearchethhearts.Andthoughbymensactionsweedodiscovertheirdesigneesometimes;yettodoitwithoutcomparingthemwithourown,anddistinguishingallcircumstances,bywhichthecasemaycometobealtered,istodecypherwithoutakey,andbeforthemostpartdeceived,bytoomuchtrust,orbytoomuchdiffidence;ashethatreads,ishimselfeagoodorevillman.

Butletonemanreadanotherbyhisactionsneversoperfectly,itserveshimonelywithhisacquaintance,whicharebutfew.HethatistogovernawholeNation,mustreadinhimselfe,notthis,orthatparticularman;butMan-kind;whichthoughitbehardtodo,harderthantolearnanyLanguage,orScience;yet,whenIshallhavesetdownmyownreadingorderly,andperspicuously,thepainsleftanother,willbeonelytoconsider,ifhealsofindnotthesameinhimselfe.ForthiskindofDoctrine,admittethnootherDemonstration.


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